Summary
The Washington onAir Hub supports Washingtonians to become more informed about and engaged in local, state, and federal politics while facilitating more civil and positive discussions with their representatives, candidates, and fellow citizens.
- Washington onAir is one of 50 state governance and elections hubs that the US onAir Network is providing to help reinvigorate US democracy. This post has short summaries of current state and federal representatives with links to their complete Hub posts. Students curate post content from government, campaign, social media, and public websites. Key content on the Washington Hub is also replicated on the US onAir national Hub at: us.onair.cc.
- Alabama students will be forming onAir chapters in their colleges and universities to help curate Hub content. As more students participate and more onAir chapters are started, we will expand to include more state and local content as well as increase the number of aircasts – student-led, livestreamed, online discussions with candidates, representatives, and the public.
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News
December 20, 2023
The base content in each post in this Washington onAir Hub has been updated as of 12/20/23. In addition to the eight posts on the home page, in depth posts on each US House member and posts on Washington government and elections have been started. These posts have been shared with the US onAir Hub and will updated in the US onAir automatically when they are updated in this hub.
If your university or nonpartisan organization (such as a government focused research center, citizen engagement program or a League of Women Voters chapter) is interested in assisting the US onAir network to help curate new issue posts or other posts on this Hub and moderate the forums in each post, contact Ben Murphy at Ben.Murphy@onair.cc.
We are also supporting college students to start an onAir chapter on the their campus to coordinate the curation and moderation of posts especially on state and local representatives and government.
About
All hub content in onAir hubs is free to the public. Hub ontent is under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license which permits content sharing and adaptation by nonprofit organizations as long as proper attribution is given to its author(s) and is used for non-commercial purposes. Content and moderation guidelines reinforce our commitment to fact-based, comprehensive content and civil and honest discourse.
To participate in aircast and post discussions, email usdemocracy@onair.cc and include your first name last name, and zipcode. Your real name and any other profile information will not be displayed unless you choose to do so. Your personal information is not shared with any other website or organization.
Hub membership will enable you to:
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Web Links
State Representatives
Washington state is located in the Western region of the USA with Olympia as its capital. Jay Inslee (D) is Governor.
The Washington legislature has 49 Senate members and 98 House members.
Governor Jay Inslee
Current:Governor since 2013
Affiliation: Democrat:
Next Election:
History: Inslee began college at Stanford University, where he initially intended on studying medicine. After a year, he was forced to drop out because he was unable to get a scholarship. He returned home and, living in his parents’ basement, attended the University of Washington. He received a Bachelor of Arts with a major in economics in 1973. He then attended the Willamette University College of Law in Salem, Oregon, receiving a Juris Doctor in 1976.
Inslee joined the law firm Peters, Schmalz, Leadon & Fowler, working as a city prosecutor.[7] He practiced in Selah for 10 years. He first became politically active in 1985, while advocating for the construction of a new high school. The experience sparked Inslee’s interest in politics.
Jay Inslee served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1993 to 1995 and again from 1999 to 2012, and was a candidate for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination. Inslee then served as regional director for the United States Department of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton.
As governor, Inslee has emphasized climate change, education, criminal justice reform, and drug policy reform. He has garnered national attention for his critiques of President Donald Trump.
Quotes: One does not simply walk into Mordor with a firehose. To get serious about the worsening impacts of wildfires in Washington, we need a broad fellowship of people who can put their differences aside to save us all from climate change
OnAir Post: Jay Inslee – WA
US Representatives
Senator Patty Murray
Current: US Senator since 1993
Affiliation: Democrat
Leadership: Senate President Pro Tempore and Chair of U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations
Next Election:
History: Murray graduated from Washington State University with a degree in physical education. She worked as a pre-school teacher and, later, as a parenting teacher at Shoreline Community College. A long-time advocate for environmental and education issues, Murray was elected to serve on her local school board in King County.
Murray served in the Washington State Senate from 1989 to 1993. She was Washington’s first female U.S. senator and is the first woman in American history to hold the position of president pro tempore.
Quotes: So many people who are working 40 hours a week are still living in poverty because our federal minimum wage is too low—and tipped workers, youth workers, and workers with disabilities are being paid even less. That’s unacceptable, and it’s why we need to #RaiseTheWage.
OnAir Post: Patty Murray – WA
Senator Maria Cantwell
Current: US Senator since 2001
Affiliation: Democrat
Leadership: Chair, Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
District:
Next Election:
History: Cantwell attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where she earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in public administration. A year after graduating, Cantwell worked on Jerry Springer’s unsuccessful 1982 Ohio gubernatorial campaign.
Maria Cantwell served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993, and in the United States House of Representatives from Washington’s 1st congressional district from 1993 to 1995. After losing her seat to Republican Rick White in the 1994 election. She then briefly worked in the private sector as vice president of marketing for RealNetworks.
Quotes: The COVID-19 pandemic made it crystal clear that local reporters and newsrooms are essential to keeping the public informed and safe, but their importance spans well beyond health emergencies. At its core, local news is about holding the powerful accountable.
The strength of our democracy is based in truth and transparency, and local newsrooms are on the ground in our communities asking the critical questions, countering misinformation, and telling our stories. We have to protect these vital parts of our communities.
OnAir Post: Maria Cantwell – WA
Suzan DelBene WA-01
Current:US Representative of WA District 1 since 2012
Affiliation: Democrat
Leadership: DelBene chairs the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and New Democrat Coalition (Former Chair); Caucus on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality Technologies (Co-Chair); Digital Trade Caucus (Co-Chair); Internet of Things (IoT) Caucus (Co-Chair);Congressional Kidney Caucus (Co-Chair);MedTech Caucus (Co-Chair);Congressional Dairy Farmers Caucus; (Co-Chair);and Reality Caucus (Co-Chair)
District: Covers several cities in the north of the Seattle metropolitan area, east of Interstate 5, including parts of Bellevue, Marysville, and up north toward Arlington.
Next Election:
History: DelBene went to Reed College, where she earned a bachelor’s degree in biology. She then continued her education at the University of Washington, earning a master’s degree in business administration.
From 1989 to 1998 DelBene worked at Microsoft, where she was director of marketing and business development for the Interactive Media Group, marketing and sales training for Microsoft’s Internet properties, and other business development and product management roles with Windows 95 and early versions of Microsoft’s Internet Explorer Web browser. From 2008 to 2009, she was a management consultant and strategic advisor to Global Partnerships, a nonprofit supporting microfinance and sustainable solutions in Latin America.
DelBene was named as the director for the Washington State Department of Revenue. DelBene spent $2.8 million of her own money in a race in which she raised over $4 million, in a Congressional race that became the most expensive in Washington state history
Quotes:
We’ve got to do everything in our power to prevent wildfires that are devastating the PNW. That starts by providing our firefighters with the support & resources they need to protect our communities & investing in clean-energy infrastructure & jobs thru the #AmericanJobsPlan.
OnAir Post: Suzan DelBene WA-01
Rick Larsen WA-02
Current:: US Representative of WA District 2 since 2001
Affiliation: Democrat
Leadership: Ranking member, Transportation & Infrastructure Committee and Co-chair of the bipartisan U.S.-China Working Group (USCWG)
District: all of Island, San Juan, Skagit, and Whatcom counties, as well as western Snohomish County. It stretches from Bellingham and the Canada–US border in the north to Lynnwood and the King/Snohomish county line in the south.
Next Election:
History: Larsen attended Pacific Lutheran University and the University of Minnesota, earning a master’s degree in public affairs. He formerly worked as director of public affairs for the Washington State Dental Association and as a lobbyist for the dental profession.
Quotes: As the nation works to emerge from the pandemic, I will continue to push for robust federal investment in long-term economic development to support local jobs, boost recovery & ensure Northwest Washington remains the aerospace capital of the world.
OnAir Post: Rick Larsen WA-02
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez – WA03
Current:US Representative of WA District 3 since 2023
Affiliation: Democrat
District: southernmost portion of Western Washington. It includes the counties of Lewis, Pacific, Wahkiakum, Cowlitz, Clark, and Skamania; as well as a small portion of southern Thurston county
Next Election:
History: Perez graduated from Reed College in 2012 with a degree in economics.She and her husband own an automobile repair shop in Portland, Oregon.
Gluesenkamp Perez served on the Washington State Democratic Party executive committee 2020-2022.[9][citation needed] Prior to her election to Congress, she was a member of the Underwood Soil and Water District Conservation board of supervisors since 2018.
OnAir Post: Marie Gluesenkamp Perez WA-03
Dan Newhouse WA-04
Current: US Representative of WA District 4 since 2015
Affiliation: Republican
Leadership: Congressional Western Caucus, Chairman; Congressional Fertilizer Caucus, Co-Chair; Congressional Food Waste Caucus, Co-Chair; Congressional Wine Caucus, Co-Chair; House Impact Aid Caucus, Co-Chair; House; Nuclear Cleanup Caucus, Vice Chair; House Organic Caucus, Co-Chair; Wild Salmon Caucus, Co-Chair
District: central Washington, covering the counties of Douglas, Okanogan, Grant, Yakima, Benton, and Klickitat, and parts of Adams and Franklin counties.
Next Election:
History: Newhouse graduated from Washington State with a Bachelor of Science degree in agricultural economics in 1977.
Before his election to Congress, Newhouse served as director of the Washington State Department of Agriculture and as a member of the Washington House of Representatives. Newhouse was one of ten House Republicans who voted to impeach Donald Trump during Trump’s second impeachment.
Quotes: Our forests continue to be mismanaged, and a one-size-fits-all approach remains the federal government’s standard. The Stop CATASTROPHES Act will empower our land management partners and allow rural Americans to do what we do best—care for our lands.
OnAir Post: Dan Newhouse WA-04
Cathy McMorris Rodgers WA=05
Current: US Representative of WA District 5 since 2005
Affiliation: Republican
Leadership: Chair, Committee on Energy and Commerce
District: Eastern Washington counties of Ferry, Stevens, Pend Oreille, Lincoln, Spokane, Whitman, Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield, and Asotin, along with parts of Adams and Franklin. It is centered on Spokane.
Next Election:
History: McMorris Rodgers earned an Executive MBA from the University of Washington in 2002.
McMorris Rodgers previously served in the Washington House of Representatives. From 2013 to 2019, she chaired the House Republican Conference. She gained national attention in 2014, when she delivered the Republican response to President Barack Obama’s 2014 State of the Union Address.
Featured Quote: Big Tech has broken my trust. They’ve failed to promote free speech & they censor political viewpoints they disagree with. But, do you know what has convinced me Big Tech is a destructive force? It’s how they’ve abused their power to manipulate and harm our children.
OnAir Post: Cathy McMorris Rodgers WA-05
Derek Kilmer WA-06
Current: US Representative of WA District 6 since 2013
Affiliation: Democrat
Leadership:
District: Olympic Peninsula, the Kitsap Peninsula, and most of the city of Tacoma.
Next Election:
History: Kilmer was born and raised in Port Angeles, Washington. Both his parents were public school teachers. Kilmer earned a B.A. in public affairs with a certificate in American Studies from Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs in 1996. He earned a Marshall Scholarship to obtain his Ph.D at Oxford.
Kilmer is a former business consultant for McKinsey and Company. He was also a business retention manager for the Economic Development Board for Tacoma-Pierce County, is a trustee for Tacoma Community College, and served on the board of Peninsula Schools Education Foundation.
Derek Kilmer served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 2005 to 2007 and the Washington State Senate from 2007 to 2012, representing the 26th district.
Quotes: About the RECOMPLETE ACT: The COVID-19 crisis is exacerbating existing inequities, especially for communities that were already struggling. That’s why @ChrisCoons, @HerreraBeutler & I introduced a bold plan to make a long-term federal investment & create jobs in places that are consistently left behind.
OnAir Post: Derek Kilmer WA-06
Pramila Jayapal WA-07
Current: US Representative of WA District 7 since 2017
Affiliation: Democrat
Leadership: Senior Whip of the Democratic Caucus; Chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus; and a Co-Chair of the Women’s Working Group on Immigration.
District: most of Seattle and Burien, and all of Vashon Island, Lake Forest Park, Shoreline, and Normandy Park.
Next Election:
History: Before entering electoral politics, Jayapal was a Seattle-based civil rights activist, serving until 2012 as the executive director of OneAmerica, a pro-immigrant advocacy group. She earned a BA from Georgetown University and an MBA from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. Jayapal worked for PaineWebber as a financial analyst.
Jayapal represented the 37th legislative district in the Washington State Senate from 2015 to 2017. She is the first Indian-American woman to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Quotes: This is shameful. America’s ever-expanding medical debt crisis is immoral and inhumane. In the richest nation in the world, no one should go bankrupt for being sick. We urgently need Medicare for All.
OnAir Post: Pramila Jayapal WA-07
Kim Schrier WA=08
Current: US Representative of WA District 8 since 2019
Affiliation: Democrat
District: western Washington State. It includes the eastern portions of King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties, and crosses the Cascade mountains to include Chelan and Kittitas counties.
Next Election:
History: Kim Schrier earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of California, Berkeley, graduating Phi Beta Kappa with a degree in astrophysics. She attended the University of California Davis School of Medicine, where she earned her Doctor of Medicine degree. She continued on to a residency at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Schrier’s professional career as a pediatrician began in Ashland, Oregon, where she worked for one year before joining Virginia Mason Medical Center in Issaquah, Washington in 2001.
In 2017, Schrier was dissatisfied with Congressman Dave Reichert’s handling of the efforts to repeal and replace the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and this, coupled with her frustration with the results of the 2016 elections, led to her decision to enter politics.
OnAir Post: Kim Schrier WA-08
Adam Smith WA-09
Current: US Representative of WA District 9 since 1997
Affiliation: Democrat
Leadership: Ranking Member, House Armed Services Committee
District: Western Washington, through the densely populated central Puget Sound region, from Auburn and Federal Way in the south to parts of Seattle and Bellevue in the north.
Next Election:
History: He completed a Juris Doctor from the University of Washington in 1990. He worked his way through college by loading trucks for United Parcel Service. After law school, Smith worked as a private practice attorney with Cromwell, Mendoza & Belur. From 1993 to 1995, he served as a prosecutor for the city of Seattle. In 1996, he worked temporarily as a pro tem judge.
Smith was elected to the State Senate in 1990; at age 25, he was the youngest state senator in the country. He ran in and won his first congressional race in 1996
Quotes: ICYMI: I reintroduced the Emergency Economic and Workforce System Resiliency Act last week. If we are going to #BuildBackBetter, we need to support workers through better training & development, layoff aversion, and more employee ownership opportunities.
OnAir Post: Adam Smith WA-09
Marilyn Strickland WA-10
Current: US Representative of WA District 10
Affiliation: Democrat
Leadership: Puget Sound Recovery Caucus, Co-Chair ; Middle Class Jobs Caucus, Co-Chair; Congressional Global Investment in America Caucus, Co-Chair; Small Brewers Caucus, Co-Chair ; Pro-Choice Caucus, Member Liaison
District: entered on the state capital, Olympia, and includes portions of Thurston and Pierce counties
Next Election:
History: Strickland earned a degree in business from the University of Washington and an MBA from Clark Atlanta University. Strickland joined Starbucks as a manager of its online business. She then moved on to help launch the City of Tacoma’s public broadband cable service Click!, working with an advertisement agency to help grow public support.
After years in the private sector, Strickland was elected to the Tacoma City Council. She served as a council member for two years before being selected to serve as mayor from 2010 to 2018. She is the first member of the United States Congress of both Korean and African-American heritage, and the first African-American member elected from Washington.
Quotes: I met with A Hero’s Promise to discuss the importance of addressing food insecurity among active military, their families and veterans. This is why I’m proud to have helped introduce the Military Hunger Prevention Act in April to help military families make ends meet.
OnAir Post: Marilyn Strickland WA-10
More Information
Wikipedia
The government of Washington State is the governmental structure of the State of Washington, United States, as established by the Constitution of the State of Washington. The executive is composed of the Governor, several other statewide elected officials and the Governor’s cabinet. The Washington State Legislature consists of the House of Representatives and State Senate. The judiciary is composed of the Washington Supreme Court and lower courts. There is also local government, consisting of counties, municipalities and special districts.
Executive
The executive branch of the state’s government is organized as a plural executive, in which the heads of the principal departments are filled by individually elected officials. In addition to the Governor of Washington, the state constitutional officers are the Lieutenant Governor, the Attorney General, the Secretary of State, the Treasurer, the Auditor, the Commissioner of Public Lands, and the Superintendent of Public Instruction. Additionally, a number of state departments are governed and managed by independent commissions, including the Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Department of Transportation. Heads of the remaining departments are appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Washington State Senate. The Governor also enjoys a line item veto, the power to issue pardons and commute death sentences, and they act as commander-in-chief of the state’s military forces.
The offices of each of the state constitutional officers are established in the Washington constitution, with the exception of that of the Insurance Commissioner, which was created by statute. They are each elected on a partisan ballot to concurrent four-year terms, except for the Superintendent of Public Instruction who is officially non-partisan.
The current Governor is Jay Inslee (D), the Lieutenant Governor is Denny Heck (D), the Attorney General is Bob Ferguson (D), the Secretary of State is Steve Hobbs (D), the Treasurer is Mike Pellicciotti (D), the Auditor is Pat McCarthy (D), the Public Lands Commissioner is Hilary Franz (D), and the Insurance Commissioner is Mike Kreidler (D). The Superintendent of Public Instruction is Chris Reykdal.
The main administrative departments are:[1]
- Agriculture (WSDA)
- Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP)
- Commerce (COM)
- Corrections (DOC)
- Children, Youth, and Families (DCYF)
- Ecology (ECY)
- Employment Security Department (ESD)
- Washington State Technology Solutions (WaTech)
- Financial Institutions (DFI)
- Fish and Wildlife (WDFW)
- Health (DOH)
- Labor and Industries (L&I)
- Licensing (DOL)
- Washington Military Department (MIL)
- Natural Resources (DNR)
- Puget Sound Partnership
- Retirement Systems (DRS)
- Revenue (DOR)
- Services for the Blind (DSB)
- Social and Health Services (DSHS)
- Transportation (WSDOT)
- Veterans Affairs (DVA)
The Washington State Register (WSR) is a biweekly publication that includes activities of the government.[2][3] The Washington Administrative Code (WAC) is the codification of regulations arranged by subject and agency.[2][3]
Legislature
The Washington State Legislature is the state’s legislative branch. The state legislature is bicameral and is composed of a lower House of Representatives and an upper State Senate. The state is divided into 49 legislative districts of equal population, each of which elects two representatives and one senator. Representatives serve two-year terms, while senators serve for four years. There are no term limits.
The Speaker of the House presides over the House of Representatives. The Speaker and the Speaker Pro Tem are nominated by the majority party caucus followed by a vote of the full House. As well as presiding over the body, the Speaker is also the chief leadership position, and controls the flow of legislation. In the absence of the Speaker the Speaker Pro Tem assumes the role of Speaker. The Lieutenant Governor of Washington serves as the President of the Senate, but only casts a vote if required to break a tie. In his or her absence, the President Pro Tempore presides over the Senate. The President Pro Tempore is elected by the majority party caucus followed by confirmation of the entire Senate through a Senate Resolution. The President Pro Tempore is the chief leadership position in the Senate. The other legislative leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders are elected by their respective party caucuses.
Its session laws are published in the Laws of Washington, which in turn have been codified in the Revised Code of Washington (RCW).[4]
Judiciary
The Washington Supreme Court is the highest court in the state.[5] It has original jurisdiction of petitions against state officers, and can review decisions of lower courts if the money or value of property involved exceeds $200.[5] Direct Supreme Court review of a trial court decision is permitted if the action involves a state officer, a trial court has ruled a statute or ordinance unconstitutional, conflicting statutes or rules of law are involved, or the issue is of broad public interest and requires a prompt and ultimate determination.[5] All cases in which the death penalty has been imposed are reviewed directly by the Supreme Court.[5] In all other cases, review of Court of Appeals decisions is left to the discretion of the court.[5] Nine justices serve on the bench and are elected statewide to six-year terms.[5] Motions to be determined by the Court, and petitions for review of Court of Appeals decisions, are heard by five-member departments of the Court, and a less-than-unanimous vote on a petition requires that the entire court consider the matter.[5]
The Washington Court of Appeals is the intermediate level appellate court empowered to hear appeals from final judgments and orders of superior courts,[6][7] Personal Restraint Petitions,[8] writs of mandamus and quo warranto,[8] appeals from decisions of administrative agencies, discretionary review of a superior court’s decision in an appeal from a court of limited jurisdiction,[9] and discretionary review of interlocutory appeals from rulings of superior court for which there is no other effective remedy.[10] Judges are elected for six-year terms.[6] The court is divided into three divisions.[6] Cases are heard by panels of three judges. There is no en banc procedure.
The Washington superior courts are courts of general jurisdiction, grouped into thirty single or multi-county districts.[11] The Washington district courts (of counties) and Washington municipal courts (of cities and towns) are courts of limited jurisdiction which hear cases involving misdemeanor crimes, traffic, non-traffic, and parking infractions, domestic violence protection orders, civil actions of $75,000 or less, and small claims of up to $5,000.[12] Superior court and district court judges are elected to four-year terms, and municipal court judges may be elected or appointed to four-year terms depending on state law.[11][12] In addition to municipal courts, cities can establish traffic violation bureaus (TVBs) that handle traffic violations of municipal ordinances.[12]
The Washington State Bar Association (WSBA) licenses and regulates attorneys, and serves its members as a professional association. The Commission on Judicial Conduct consists of 11 members (two attorneys selected by the WSBA, three judges selected by the sitting judges of the state, and six non-attorneys appointed by the Governor), which is authorized to investigate complaints against sitting judges and recommend the removal of judges, which can be effected by a majority vote of the Supreme Court.
Local government
The powers of the counties of Washington are exercised by three to five county commissioners, or by a different form of government provided by “home rule” charters, such as a council-elected executive, council-appointed administrator, or commission-appointed administrator form.[13] The cities and towns of Washington can be organized under mayor-council, council-manager, and commission forms of government.[14] The power of the public to initiate ordinances by petition and to have enacted ordinances referred to the voters are only available in first class cities, code cities, cities or towns organized under the commission plan of government, and home rule counties.[15][16] Special purpose districts are governments that provide an array of services and facilities including electricity, fire protection, flood control, health districts and hospital districts, housing, irrigation, parks and recreation, library, water-sewer service and more recently stadiums, convention centers, and entertainment facilities that are not otherwise available from city or county governments.[17]
See also
- Elections in Washington (state)
- Political party strength in Washington (state)
- Law of Washington (state)
References
- ^ RCW 43.17.010; RCW 50.08.010; RCW 74.18.030; RCW 38.08.020; RCW 43.30.030.
- ^ a b “Washington State Administrative Law Research”. University of Washington School of Law. 9 January 2013. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ a b “Laws and Agency Rules”. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ “Washington Laws, Legislation & the Legislature”. University of Washington School of Law. 5 June 2013. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g “The Supreme Court”. Washington State Administrative Office of the Courts. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ a b c “The Court of Appeals”. Washington State Administrative Office of the Courts. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ Wash. R.App.P 2.2, 6.1
- ^ a b Wash. R.App.P. 16.1 et seq.
- ^ Wash. R.App.P. 2.2.
- ^ Wash. R.App.P 2.3
- ^ a b “Superior Courts”. Washington State Administrative Office of the Courts. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ a b c “Courts of Limited Jurisdiction”. Washington State Administrative Office of the Courts. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ “County Forms of Government”. Municipal Research and Services Center. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ “City and Town Forms of Government”. Municipal Research and Services Center. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ Local Ordinances for Washington Cities and Counties (PDF). Municipal Research and Services Center. 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
- ^ Initiative and Referendum Guide for Washington City and Charter Counties (PDF). Municipal Research and Services Center. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-03. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
- ^ “Special Purpose Districts in Washington”. Municipal Research and Services Center. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
External links
